Anatomical Sciences Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 4, 2007

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of prepared serum from rat peripheral blood on growth and viability of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. Bone marrow cells prepared from rat s tibia and femur central canal were cultured either in medium containing fetal bovin serum (FBS) or rat peripheral blood-derived serum (PBDS) for three successive passages during which viability growth and proliferation of the cells were evaluated by MTT [3- (4 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 5- diphernyltetrazolium bromide] colony forming assay calculation of population doubling number and daily examination of the cell growth for drawing growth curve. Each experiment was performed ten times and the mean values were statistically compared. In this study third passaged cells were evaluated in terms of their bone and adipocyte differentiation potentials. Morphologically the cells cultured with PBDS appeared to be somewhat more spindle than of FBS cells. Comparatively these cells seemed to have clear cut border than of FBS-cultured cells. According to MTT assay the cells from PBDS group significantly showed more absorption value than of FBS group indicating that they would be more viable than FBS cells. Furthermore in this group more colon were formed and more population doubling number (about twice of FBS cells) occurred (p

Parthenogenetic activation is among the crucial steps determining successful development of mammalian cloned embryos. This study therefore was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a novel combined electrical-chemical artificial activation method for bovine cloning. In vitro matured bovine oocytes than were initially exposed to electrical pulse used for cell fusion during cloning and then treated with temporal sequential combinations of 3 chemical activators [calcium ionophore (CI) strontium (SR) and ethanol (ET)] followed by exposure to a protein kinase inhibitor or used for in vitro fertilization as control group. Treated and naturally fertilized oocytes were further cultured for up to 8 days. Embryo development was scored daily and blastocyst cell counting carried out using differential staining at day 8 of culture. Among 15 temporal sequential combinations of three chemical activators the best cleavage rates were associated with double (SR CI 84.4%) triple (CI SR ET 79.4%) and single (CI 73.7%) compounds respectively which were not significantly different with each other and with in vitro fertilized (IVF) (85.5%). The highest blastocyst rates were gained with ET SR (25%) SR CI ET (21.7%) and CI (20.3%) accordingly which were not significantly different with each other but significantly lower than IVF (46%). Embryo cell counting further confirmed reasonably better quality of blastocysts produced using double triple and single compounds. Although most of the sequential artificial activation compounds induced high cleavage rate close to IVF but this did not assure comparable further embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless the results suggest exposure of in vitro matured bovine oocytes to electrical pulse followed by exposure to CI 6- dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) or ET SR 6-DMAP could be regarded as the optimal artificial activation.

This research has been carried out to study the morphological and ultrastructural changes of rabbit heart ganglionic neurons and nerve fibers after treatment with Amiodarone. 21 rabbits were divided into control and two experimental groups. The first experimental group for one week and the second experimental group for two weeks were injected intraperitoneally 80 mg/kg Amiodarone. The control group received normal saline the same dose as Amiodarone. Then the animals were anesthetized and perfused with Karnovsky s fixative and the tissues were fixed and prepared for electron microscope study. Ultrastructural changes in neurons and nerve fibers of experimental groups in comparison with control group included shrinkage of nuclear envelope and formation of electron dense masses in myelin of nerve fibers. These results indicate that Amiodarone causes ultrastructural changes in neurons and nerve fibers of intrinsic cardiac ganglia.

Parthenogenetic activation is among the crucial steps determining successful development of mammalian cloned embryos. This study therefore was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a novel combined electrical-chemical artificial activation method for bovine cloning. In vitro matured bovine oocytes than were initially exposed to electrical pulse used for cell fusion during cloning and then treated with temporal sequential combinations of 3 chemical activators [calcium ionophore (CI) strontium (SR) and ethanol (ET)] followed by exposure to a protein kinase inhibitor or used for in vitro fertilization as control group. Treated and naturally fertilized oocytes were further cultured for up to 8 days. Embryo development was scored daily and blastocyst cell counting carried out using differential staining at day 8 of culture. Among 15 temporal sequential combinations of three chemical activators the best cleavage rates were associated with double (SR CI 84.4%) triple (CI SR ET 79.4%) and single (CI 73.7%) compounds respectively which were not significantly different with each other and with in vitro fertilized (IVF) (85.5%). The highest blastocyst rates were gained with ET SR (25%) SR CI ET (21.7%) and CI (20.3%) accordingly which were not significantly different with each other but significantly lower than IVF (46%). Embryo cell counting further confirmed reasonably better quality of blastocysts produced using double triple and single compounds. Although most of the sequential artificial activation compounds induced high cleavage rate close to IVF but this did not assure comparable further embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless the results suggest exposure of in vitro matured bovine oocytes to electrical pulse followed by exposure to CI 6- dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) or ET SR 6-DMAP could be regarded as the optimal artificial activation.